Contents

INTRODUCTION.. 3

CHAPTER I THE MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY.. 5

1.1 The medicine is a science. 5

1.2 Preliminaries for medical translations: Some theory. 13

CHAPTER II THE WAYS OF MEDICAL TEXTS TRANSLATION.. 16

2.1 General pitfalls in medical translation. 16

2.2 Practical examples regarding translating of medical texts. 20

CONCLUSION.. 28

BIBLIOGRAPHY.. 30

CHAPTER I THE MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

1.1 The medicine is a science

... One result of this false faith is that doctors use the technology that is available to them with little or no thought for their patients: they have been taught to ally medieval authority and a godlike sense of superiority with 20th century gadgetry. The result is therapeutic chaos. Patients are wildly and dangerously over-investigated and treatment programmes, which vary from one doctor to another, are planned and defined by guesswork rather than a scientific analysis of possibilities and consequences. In order to protect themselves from the anxieties which would otherwise accompany their ignorance and their lack of knowledge, doctors seek assurance and comfort by immersing themselves in technology. Doctors are taught that investigation is an end in itself rather than merely a signpost towards a therapeutic end. The needs of the patient are forgotten as doctors glory in their knowledge. Too many doctors obtain satisfaction not by making patients better or relieving their discomfort but by playing a series of intellectual games in which the collecting and analysis of test results is regarded as far more important than the support and comfort of a patient. Too often patients are over-investigated, over diagnosed , over treated and under cared for. 'Curing' not 'caring' has become the sole criterion and success is too often measured in the laboratory rather than the sickroom. What has happened? Why has medicine failed to become an authentic science?

The answer is a simple one. In the last century the practice of medicine has become no more than an adjunct to the pharmaceutical industry and the other aspects of the huge, powerful and immensely profitable health care industry. Medicine is no longer an independent profession. Doctors have become nothing more than a link connecting the pharmaceutical industry to the consumer. ...

CHAPTER II THE WAYS OF MEDICAL TEXTS TRANSLATION

2.2 Practical examples regarding translating of medical texts

... Urgent medical translation

Like many other academic areas, medicine admits of no delay. If human life and health are at stake, help should be urgent. Our professionals can translate important medical assessments and opinions, examination reports, surgery contracts and other documents fast, with no loss of quality. We are aware of the responsibility that rests on our translators and provide highest-quality renderings of medical information, whatever its level of complexity.

Text A is a medical text whose content students should be familiar with. Students at this stage had to translate the text into Arabic and to write their introspection while translating it.

The main concern here, however, is students’ translations of sentences (3) and (4) in addition to their introspection, which was translated from Arabic into English by the present writer for comparative purposes. Students’ translations (a) are written first  below the introspection and afterward are  back translations (b) by the present writer.

Care  of  the  biliary  catheter  after  external  drainage  involves routine  daily  irrigations  to  retard  sediment  or  encrustations  and attention to the metabolic effects of prolonged biliary diversion.

Thus hyponatremia may appear after several days drainage with clinical symptoms of lethargy and attered mental status. In such cases, prompt parenteral electrolyte replacement will be required.

Replacement  of  lost  bile  salts  is  a  more  difficult  problem.

Liquid  bile  is  generally  not  palatable  orally,  and  refeeding  of bile requires creation of a feeding jejunostomy or insertion of a nasogastric  tube  on  a  long-term  basis.  Feeding  and/or desiccation of bile are less commonly employed alternatives. ...

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Реформатский A.A. Введение в языкознание. — М.: Просвещение, 1967.-542 с.

2. Виноградов В. С. Введение в переводоведение. – М. , 2001. – 123 с.

3. Комиссаров В. Я. Рецкер Я. И., Тархов В. И. Пособие по переводу с английского языка на русский. Ч. I: Лексико-фразеологические основы перевода. - М. , 1960. – 243 с.

4. Алексеева И. С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика. – СПб. : Союз, 2001. – 232 с.

5. Миньяр-Белоручев А. В. Курс перевода. – М. , 1981. – 205 с.

6. Бархударов Л. С. Язык и перевод. – М. : Международные отношения, 1975. – 201 с.