Content
INTRODUCTION.. 3
CHAPTER I DEFINITION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND THE SET PHRASES 5
1.1 Structure and classification of phraseological units and the Set phrases. 5
1.2 Typology of phraseological units and the Set phrases in English. 12
2. TRANSLATION OF THE SET PHRASES AND PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS 29
2.1 The Difficulties of Translation of the Set phrases and phraseological units. 29
2.2 Analysis of of the Set phrases and phraseological units from English into Russian 32
CONCLUSION.. 35
BIBLIOGRAPHY.. 37
CHAPTER I DEFINITION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND THE SET PHRASES
1.2 Typology of phraseological units and the Set phrases in English
... Alliteration is a deliberate use of similar sounds in close succession to achieve a euphonic effect. It is widely used in folklore, in proverbs, sayings, traditional pairs of words. In English belle-letters style it is regarded as an emphatic phonetic means that aims at producing a strong melodical and emotional effect.
Onomatopoeia is a deliberate use of words or combinations of words whose sounds produce an imitation of a natural sound. It is often based on and combined with alliteration.
Rhythm is a regular alteration of similar or equal units of speech. It is sometimes used by the author to produce the desired stylistic effect, whereas in poetry rhythmical arrangement is a constant organic element, a natural outcome of poetic emotion. Poetic rhythm is created by the regular recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables or equal poetic lines. The regular alternations of stressed and unstressed syllables form a unit – the foot. There are 5 basic feet: iambus(a foot consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable), trochee(a foot consisting of one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable), dactyl(a foot consisting of one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables), anapest(a foot consisting of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable) and amphibrach(a foot consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed and one unstressed syllable).
Rhyme is a characteristic feature of poetry but in prose euphony final sound (ending). Such recurrence takes place at the end of a poetic line. With regard to the similarity of sounds we distinguish: full rhymes, imperfect rhymes. With regard to the structure of rhymes we distinguish: masculine (or single) rhyme, feminine (or double) rhyme, dactylic (or triple) rhyme, full double or broken rhyme. ...
2. TRANSLATION OF THE SET PHRASES AND PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
2.1 The Difficulties of Translation of the Set phrases and phraseological units
... Idioms and fixed expressions which contain culture-specific items are not necessarily untranslatable. It is not the specific items an expression contains but rather the meaning it conveys and its association with culture-specific contexts which can make it untranslatable or difficult to translate. For example, the English expression to carry coals to Newcastle, though culture-specific in the sense that it contains a reference to Newcastle coal and uses it as a measure of abundance, is nevertheless closely paralleled in Russian by в Тулу со своим самоваром. Both expressions convey the same meaning, namely: to supply something to someone who already has plenty of it.
(b) An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. To sing a different tune is an English idiom which means to say or do something that signals a change in opinion because it contradicts what one has said or done before. To go to the dogs ('to lose one's good qualities') has a similar counterpart in German, but whereas the English idiom can be used in connection with a person or a place, its German counterpart can only be used in connection with a person and often means to die or perish.
(c) An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text.
(d) An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text. ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Baker, M., 1992. In Other Words. London: Routledge.
2. Long, T. H. ed., 1991. Longman Dictionary of English Idioms. Harlow/London: Longman.
3. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Wehmeier, S. 2000. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Oxford: University Press.
5. Виноградов, В. С., 2004. Перевод: oбщие и лексические вопросы. Москва: Университет книжный дом. ...
